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proxy, also known as a proxy is often referred to for its role as a proxy server, a software that sits in the middle between a server and a client on the internet. Without the use of proxy servers, users could send a request for any source directly through the server, and the server would provide the requested resource directly to the user. While this is a simple method to comprehend and utilize, however, the addition of proxy servers could provide advantages in terms of better performance, privacy, security, among other things. In addition to providing a layer of security, a proxy acts as a gatekeeper to the internet, separating clients and servers.




The combined package of server hardware along with the software for proxy installation is often referred to as proxy servers. For this post, we will concentrate on proxies that are typically classified as software and within connection with web server. The article will give a detailed breakdown of the two main types of proxies: that is an forward proxy and a reverse proxy. Each one has its own use scenario that is often misunderstood due to the overlapping naming convention.




This article will provide you with an understanding of what proxy servers and their subtypes are, and how they can be useful in a variety of configurations. Through this guide, you'll be able to identify situations in which a proxy is beneficial, and decide on the appropriate choice between forward and reverse proxy depending on the situation.



Understanding Forward Proxies



A forward proxy also referred to in the form of the open proxy is a proxy for a user trying to make a request via the internet to a source server. In this case, every attempt to send a request by the client will be routed through an forward proxy. Forward proxy in place of the client will review the request. It will first determine whether the client has been granted permission to receive requests from this particular forward proxy. Then, it will either refuse requests or redirect it to the server that originated it. It isn't able to direct connection to the internet. It is only able to access the information the forward proxy enables it access to.




A common use for forward proxy is the need for more privacy or security while using the internet. Forward proxy connects to Internet as a "client" in this way, it assigns an alternative IP address to the IP address of your client.




Depending on how it has been configured based on the configuration, forward proxy may provide a variety of functions, allowing users to:




Avoid tracking ads.


Circumvent surveillance.


You can determine limitations based on your geographic location.




Forward proxies are also employed in systems that give central security as well as access permissions, such as at work. All internet traffic can pass through an open forward proxy, administrators can restrict access to a specific group of individuals to access the web, and this is blocked by the typical firewall. Instead of maintaining firewalls on the client layer, which could be used by several computers with different settings and users A firewall can be found within this forward proxy layer.




Take note that forward proxy servers require manual setup for them to be used however reverse proxy servers will not be detected by the user. Based on the fact that the IP address of the client is transmitted to the source server through forward proxy Privacy and anonymity could be granted or kept secret.




There are many possibilities to think about when it comes to forward proxies.




Apache is a well-known open-source web server that offers forward proxy features.


Nginx: Another well-known open-source web server that comes with forward proxy functionality.


Squid is an Open Source Forward Proxy which utilizes an HTTP protocol. It's not part of the complete web server. There is a step-bystep guide to setup Squid proxy for private connections in Ubuntu 20.04.


Dante Forward proxy that uses the SOCKS protocol instead HTTP which makes it ideal for scenarios such as peer-to-peer communication. You could also examine how to set up the Dante proxy that allows private connections to Ubuntu 20.04



Understanding Reverse Proxies



Reverse proxy functions as an intermediary to web servers, which handles incoming requests from clients in its place. It can be used as a one server, or a number of servers. It could also comprise an application server, such as Gunicorn. In any event, it's possible to get the request of a customer via the web at large. In most cases the request will be directed directly to the server that hosts the information the client is asking for. A reverse proxy acts as an intermediary to isolate your web server from communication with the web's public.




From a consumer's point of view that is an individual's view, interacting via reverse proxy isn't any different from connecting to the server in its own. It's basically the same as Web server and user is unable discern the difference. Clients can make a request for the resource and it is then provided with it, with no extra configuration required from the user.




Reverse proxies grant features like:




Security centralized to web server.


Directing incoming traffic according to rules you make.


The caching functionality was added to the application.




While central security is an advantage for both forward and reverse proxy services, reverse-proxies perform this for the web server layer but not the layer of clients. instead of maintaining firewalls at the web servers which might comprise multiple servers with different configurations, the bulk of firewall security is concentrated on the reverse proxy layer. In addition, the absence of interfacing with firewalls and responding to requests from clients that do not use web servers allows them to concentrate on addressing the needs of their clients.




If there are multiple servers hosting through a reverse proxy, the reverse proxy also determines which requests are routed to which server. Multiple web servers could be offering the same service, but each having different resources, or a combination of both. They can use the HTTP protocol similarly to an ordinary web server however, they could also be outfitted with application server protocols like FastCGI. You can set up a reverse proxy to direct clients to an individual server based on the requested resource or to adhere to certain guidelines for traffic load.




Reverse proxy solutions benefit from placing them on the top of web servers by using caching capabilities. Large static files can be arranged with caching rules in order to avoid hitting web servers with each request. Certain solutions allow the server to serve static files directly without connecting to the web server at all. Additionally, reverse proxy has the ability to manage compression of these files.




The popular Nginx web server also functions as a well-known reverse proxy service. While it's certain that Apache web server does have reverse proxy features but it's an alternative option for Apache and not the default option. Nginx was designed initially to and focused on reverse proxy functionality.



Differentiating Forward Proxy from reverse Proxy Use Cases



Because "forward" and "reverse" are both associated with an impression of directionality, they can lead to misleading comparisons to "incoming" as well as "outgoing" traffic. These labels are confusing because both types of proxies manage requests and responses. A better approach to distinguish between reverse and forward proxy services is to consider the requirements of the application you're developing.




Reverse proxy is a crucial feature when building an application that can deliver web-based applications to the internet. They serve as your web servers for any interaction on the internet.




Forward proxy applications can be advantageous when displayed in front of clients for personal use or even in a working environment. They can be used to represent the client's activity when you use the internet.




Utilizing case-based differentiation instead of focusing solely on common naming conventions will help you not get confused.



Conclusion



This article clarified what a "proxy" is and the two primary types of them being the reverse and forward proxies. Practical applications and a review of the beneficial features was used to distinguish forward proxies as well as reverse proxy. If you're considering how to use proxies, follow our tutorial on how to set up Nginx as a webserver and reverse proxy on Apache on Ubuntu 20.04 server.



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